One of the options available for the ceramic sector to move towards this objective is the transition to frit melting kilns with a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen in ceramic tile firing kilns. Castellón’s Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC-AICE), a reference in this area in Spain, is leading a study called ‘Laboratory-scale Experimental Studies of Ceramic Firing Using Hydrogen as a Fuel (Hydrocar)’ is part of the project. , Said study, funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness (IVACE), focused on the use of hydrogen as a direct source of thermal energy by combustion in drying and cooking processes.
The Air Products and Air Products Combustion team is in charge of providing the mixing panel and the precise combination of natural gas and hydrogen, which has helped achieve controlled combustion with conventional burners and 20% hydrogen, an overall milestone in the ceramics industry. Is. Over several decades, Air Products has accumulated a wealth of experience in supplying hydrogen to various industries and has been developing technologies and products for these sectors for over 30 years.
This experience accumulated by the group has proved to be of great value to companies in the ceramics sector in Spain as well as those aiming to gradually replace natural gas with hydrogen and thereby reduce their CO emissions.2, In this sense, the testing that technicians from Carboneros Metallicos and Air Products collaborated on is even more significant, as ITC used hydrogen in a ceramic furnace for the first time.
The Air Products and Air Products team has provided a hydrogen mixing panel and the precise combination of natural gas and hydrogen that has contributed to achieving controlled combustion with conventional burners with up to 20% hydrogen, a milestone in the ceramics industry. The immediate objective is to prolong this collaboration with ITC in such a way that a higher percentage of hydrogen is obtained, which would require optimization of current combustion systems and burners, towards achieving 100% of this gas. near future.
Air Products has successfully developed and tested burners that use 100% hydrogen and both air and oxygen as the oxidant. The knowledge of these developments, along with decades of experience in the production, operation and distribution of hydrogen, has contributed to the success of the trials at ITC.
Other industries, such as metallurgy, glass and frits, can also benefit from systems created by the group to improve their quality and consistency. The industry is currently in the first stages of testing hydrogen in its processes, a transition to this element that still involves the use of smaller quantities, but will allow it to gain experience in handling hydrogen and, therefore, equipment, technologies and Optimization of processes Adopting the use of 100% hydrogen as fuel in a safe, efficient and economical manner. In fact, it may be the most promising path towards decarbonization of the glass industry.
The Air Products Group also has a significant portfolio of technologies and operational experience in oxygen-enhanced combustion, which these industries can equally benefit from. This process relies on oxygen enrichment or flame cutting to improve the efficiency and productivity of heating and melting furnaces. By moving from a traditional ‘air-fuel’ combustion system to an ‘oxy-fuel’ one, it has been shown that the energy required can be reduced by up to 40%, which in turn can translate into a 40% reduction in direct . CO. emissions of2, among other pollutants generated in these processes. This is because using pure oxygen (instead of air) is more efficient, as the fuel reacts with oxygen much faster, and this raises the flame temperature to about 1,000 °C. Air Products’ Oxy-Fuel burners also support the combustion of a natural gas and hydrogen mixture, a method to reduce the carbon footprint without creating inefficiencies in the high ceramic kiln wall temperature, elevated carbon oxide emissions, nitrogen or glass melting processes. provide a direct route.
On the other hand, the company is also working on reducing CO emissions.2 which produces and transports oxygen, making it possible to make it ‘green’ or renewable oxygen.
“The ceramics sector is intensive in the use of thermal energy and the margin for reducing direct emissions from its production processes is certainly limited if it does not substantially modify the technologies and energy sources to be used. Institute of Ceramic Technology The research represents the first step in this industry to incorporate hydrogen, a molecule of great interest to achieve the planned decarbonization objectives.”he explains Dr. Salvador Ferrer from ITC Sustainability Area,
“At Carburos Metallicos, we have the experience and technology of the Air Products Group that covers the entire hydrogen value chain, among other areas. We are committed to developing new solutions and technologies to support the ceramic, frit and glass industry in its decarbonization goals. We are working on the development. Contributing to achieving low carbon combustion using hydrogen blends has been a very important step that we are very proud of.”have commented Mikel Lopp, General Director of Metallic Carbides,
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